Groups and relationships

Groups can support people and also distort judgment. Distinguish a belief, a feeling, and an action when discussing prejudice and discrimination.

Lesson 3 of 33 parts Practice Flashcards

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Social identity and Stereotype

Objective: Explain social identity and stereotype, distinguish their meanings, and apply them to a described case.

Social identity: Social identity concerns self-understanding associated with group membership. Stereotype: A stereotype is a generalized belief about a group that can overlook individual variation. Personality and social-psychology findings describe patterns that interact with situations. Trait dimensions do not sort everyone into fixed types. Social influence differs across contexts, and people do not all respond identically. Beliefs, evaluative attitudes, and discriminatory actions should be distinguished. A measure needs evidence of reliability and validity for its intended use; a popular quiz or one classroom interaction cannot establish a comprehensive personal profile. Application: A person identifies with a team or community. This most directly illustrates social identity. A judgment assigns the same trait to all group members. This most directly illustrates stereotype.

Worked examples

Try itOriginal teaching scenario: A person identifies with a team or community. Which idea from this section does it most directly illustrate?Show answer

Step 1 — Read the observation: A person identifies with a team or community. Step 2 — Recall the relevant idea: Social identity concerns self-understanding associated with group membership. Step 3 — Connect the observation to the idea: The scenario is an illustration of social identity. Step 4 — Check the limit: This short scenario illustrates the concept; it does not establish every detail or exclude every other influence in a real situation.

Try itOriginal teaching scenario: A judgment assigns the same trait to all group members. Which idea from this section does it most directly illustrate?Show answer

Step 1 — Read the observation: A judgment assigns the same trait to all group members. Step 2 — Recall the relevant idea: A stereotype is a generalized belief about a group that can overlook individual variation. Step 3 — Connect the observation to the idea: The scenario is an illustration of stereotype. Step 4 — Check the limit: This short scenario illustrates the concept; it does not establish every detail or exclude every other influence in a real situation.

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Social identity and Stereotype

Objective: Explain social identity and stereotype, distinguish their meanings, and apply them to a described case.

Worked examples

Try itOriginal teaching scenario: A person identifies with a team or community. Which idea from this section does it most directly illustrate?Show answer

Try itOriginal teaching scenario: A judgment assigns the same trait to all group members. Which idea from this section does it most directly illustrate?Show answer

Prejudice and Discrimination

Objective: Explain prejudice and discrimination, distinguish their meanings, and apply them to a described case.

Prejudice: Prejudice involves an evaluative attitude toward people based on group membership. Discrimination: Discrimination is differential treatment based on group membership or other specified categories. Personality and social-psychology findings describe patterns that interact with situations. Trait dimensions do not sort everyone into fixed types. Social influence differs across contexts, and people do not all respond identically. Beliefs, evaluative attitudes, and discriminatory actions should be distinguished. A measure needs evidence of reliability and validity for its intended use; a popular quiz or one classroom interaction cannot establish a comprehensive personal profile. Application: A negative attitude is directed at a group. This most directly illustrates prejudice. A decision denies an opportunity using a group label. This most directly illustrates discrimination.

Worked examples

Try itOriginal teaching scenario: A negative attitude is directed at a group. Which idea from this section does it most directly illustrate?Show answer

Step 1 — Read the observation: A negative attitude is directed at a group. Step 2 — Recall the relevant idea: Prejudice involves an evaluative attitude toward people based on group membership. Step 3 — Connect the observation to the idea: The scenario is an illustration of prejudice. Step 4 — Check the limit: This short scenario illustrates the concept; it does not establish every detail or exclude every other influence in a real situation.

Try itOriginal teaching scenario: A decision denies an opportunity using a group label. Which idea from this section does it most directly illustrate?Show answer

Step 1 — Read the observation: A decision denies an opportunity using a group label. Step 2 — Recall the relevant idea: Discrimination is differential treatment based on group membership or other specified categories. Step 3 — Connect the observation to the idea: The scenario is an illustration of discrimination. Step 4 — Check the limit: This short scenario illustrates the concept; it does not establish every detail or exclude every other influence in a real situation.

Bystander effect and Groupthink

Objective: Explain bystander effect and groupthink, distinguish their meanings, and apply them to a described case.

Bystander effect: The bystander effect describes reduced helping in some situations with others present, influenced by context. Groupthink: Groupthink describes flawed group decision processes associated with pressures toward agreement under certain conditions. Personality and social-psychology findings describe patterns that interact with situations. Trait dimensions do not sort everyone into fixed types. Social influence differs across contexts, and people do not all respond identically. Beliefs, evaluative attitudes, and discriminatory actions should be distinguished. A measure needs evidence of reliability and validity for its intended use; a popular quiz or one classroom interaction cannot establish a comprehensive personal profile. Application: Responsibility becomes diffuse in a group emergency scenario. This most directly illustrates bystander effect. A team suppresses dissent while assessing alternatives. This most directly illustrates groupthink.

Worked examples

Try itOriginal teaching scenario: Responsibility becomes diffuse in a group emergency scenario. Which idea from this section does it most directly illustrate?Show answer

Step 1 — Read the observation: Responsibility becomes diffuse in a group emergency scenario. Step 2 — Recall the relevant idea: The bystander effect describes reduced helping in some situations with others present, influenced by context. Step 3 — Connect the observation to the idea: The scenario is an illustration of bystander effect. Step 4 — Check the limit: This short scenario illustrates the concept; it does not establish every detail or exclude every other influence in a real situation.

Try itOriginal teaching scenario: A team suppresses dissent while assessing alternatives. Which idea from this section does it most directly illustrate?Show answer

Step 1 — Read the observation: A team suppresses dissent while assessing alternatives. Step 2 — Recall the relevant idea: Groupthink describes flawed group decision processes associated with pressures toward agreement under certain conditions. Step 3 — Connect the observation to the idea: The scenario is an illustration of groupthink. Step 4 — Check the limit: This short scenario illustrates the concept; it does not establish every detail or exclude every other influence in a real situation.

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