Exploration and Early Globalization flashcards

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What is meant by “Navigation” in this lesson?Maritime exploration: Sailing knowledge and instruments supported longer maritime journeys.
What is meant by “Commercial motives” in this lesson?Maritime exploration: States and merchants sought access to goods and profitable routes.
What is meant by “Imperial rivalry” in this lesson?Maritime exploration: Competing powers sought strategic and territorial advantages.
What is meant by “Portuguese routes” in this lesson?Maritime exploration: Portuguese voyages developed routes around Africa into Indian Ocean networks.
What is meant by “Atlantic crossings” in this lesson?Maritime exploration: Sustained Atlantic crossings created new links and colonial claims after 1492.
What is meant by “Local knowledge” in this lesson?Maritime exploration: European travelers depended on knowledge and labor from many other peoples.
What is meant by “Crop transfer” in this lesson?The Columbian Exchange: Crops moved between the Americas and other regions after sustained Atlantic contact.
What is meant by “Animal transfer” in this lesson?The Columbian Exchange: Introduced animals changed land use, transport, and ecological relationships.
What is meant by “Disease transfer” in this lesson?The Columbian Exchange: Introduced pathogens devastated Indigenous populations without prior exposure.
What is meant by “Ecological change” in this lesson?The Columbian Exchange: Transferred species altered existing environments, sometimes disruptively.
What is meant by “Demographic upheaval” in this lesson?The Columbian Exchange: Disease, conquest, and forced labor combined to reshape populations.
What is meant by “Unequal power” in this lesson?The Columbian Exchange: Biological exchange occurred within colonial systems, not equal voluntary partnership alone.
What is meant by “Colonial rule” in this lesson?Colonialism and resistance: Colonial rule imposed external control over territory, resources, and political authority.
What is meant by “Coerced labor” in this lesson?Colonialism and resistance: Forced labor systems extracted work under threats and legal domination.
What is meant by “Atlantic slave trade” in this lesson?Colonialism and resistance: The trade forcibly transported Africans into systems of enslavement.
What is meant by “Indigenous resistance” in this lesson?Colonialism and resistance: Indigenous peoples resisted, negotiated, and adapted under colonial pressure.
What is meant by “Maroon communities” in this lesson?Colonialism and resistance: People escaping slavery formed autonomous or semi-autonomous communities.
What is meant by “Colonial hierarchy” in this lesson?Colonialism and resistance: Colonial systems assigned unequal status using ancestry, race, and legal categories.