Indigenous America and Colonization flashcards

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What is meant by “Indigenous diversity” in this lesson?Indigenous societies: Indigenous peoples developed distinct languages, political systems, economies, and cultural practices.
What is meant by “Agricultural societies” in this lesson?Indigenous societies: Many societies cultivated crops and organized settlement around regional resources.
What is meant by “Trade networks” in this lesson?Indigenous societies: Exchange linked distant communities before European colonization.
What is meant by “Haudenosaunee Confederacy” in this lesson?Indigenous societies: The confederacy joined distinct nations through a shared political framework.
What is meant by “Mississippian centers” in this lesson?Indigenous societies: Mississippian societies included large settlements such as Cahokia with complex social organization.
What is meant by “Indigenous sovereignty” in this lesson?Indigenous societies: Indigenous nations possessed political communities and authority, not merely cultural identities.
What is meant by “Spanish colonization” in this lesson?European colonization: Spanish imperial settlements combined territorial claims, extraction, missions, and coercive labor arrangements.
What is meant by “French colonization” in this lesson?European colonization: French North American activity included trade networks and alliances as well as settlement.
What is meant by “English colonies” in this lesson?European colonization: English colonies developed different regional economies and political arrangements.
What is meant by “Settler expansion” in this lesson?European colonization: Settler expansion increased pressure on Indigenous land and authority.
What is meant by “Colonial labor” in this lesson?European colonization: Colonial economies used varied labor systems including slavery and indenture.
What is meant by “Regional comparison” in this lesson?European colonization: Regional comparison explains differences without treating one colony as universal.
What is meant by “Columbian Exchange” in this lesson?Exchange and conflict: Post-1492 connections transferred organisms and diseases between the Americas and other continents.
What is meant by “Epidemic disease” in this lesson?Exchange and conflict: Introduced diseases caused devastating Indigenous mortality, interacting with violence and dispossession.
What is meant by “Atlantic slavery” in this lesson?Exchange and conflict: The Atlantic slave trade forcibly transported Africans within a racialized system of exploitation.
What is meant by “Land conflict” in this lesson?Exchange and conflict: Competing land claims and colonial expansion produced conflict and displacement.
What is meant by “Alliance” in this lesson?Exchange and conflict: Communities formed strategic partnerships that could shift with circumstances.
What is meant by “Unequal exchange” in this lesson?Exchange and conflict: Exchange occurred within power differences and could involve compulsion rather than mutual benefit.