Statistics & Probability
Sampling Distributions flashcards
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- What does “Sampling Variability” mean?Variability Between Samples
- Variation in estimates produced by repeated samples.
- What important condition applies to sampling variability?Variability Between Samples
- Sampling variability is distinct from evidence of a population change.
- What does “Unbiased Sample Means” mean?Variability Between Samples
- A sample-mean procedure centered on the population mean.
- What important condition applies to unbiased sample means?Variability Between Samples
- Unbiased does not mean every estimate equals the true parameter.
- What does “Central Limit Idea” mean?The Central Limit Idea
- An approximate normal pattern for standardized means under suitable repeated-sampling conditions.
- What important condition applies to central limit idea?The Central Limit Idea
- The central limit theorem concerns the sampling mean, not raw-data normality.
- What does “Standard Scores” mean?The Central Limit Idea
- A value’s signed distance from the mean measured in SD units.
- What important condition applies to standard scores?The Central Limit Idea
- A z-score transformation does not by itself establish normality.
- What does “Estimated Standard Error” mean?Standard Error
- An estimate of the sampling SD of a statistic.
- What important condition applies to estimated standard error?Standard Error
- SD of observations and SE of an estimate are not interchangeable.
- What does “Sample Size and Precision” mean?Standard Error
- The square-root relationship between sample size and mean-estimate uncertainty.
- What important condition applies to sample size and precision?Standard Error
- Larger n improves this precision measure, not every aspect of study quality.