SAT Math

Quadratic Equations and Functions flashcards

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Do not divide away a rootSolving Quadratics by Factoring
Factoring keeps zero visible; dividing by x can erase it.
When should I use zero-product solutions?Solving Quadratics by Factoring
Solve a quadratic already written as a product.
What method supports do not divide away a root?Solving Quadratics by Factoring
x² − kx = x(x − k)
Factor before solvingSolving Quadratics by Factoring
First make one side zero, then factor and solve.
Zero-product solutionsSolving Quadratics by Factoring
A zero product means one of its factors is zero.
What must I check in solving quadratics by factoring?Solving Quadratics by Factoring
The zero-product property applies to a product equal to zero; list all real solutions
What method supports factor before solving?Solving Quadratics by Factoring
x² − (a+b)x + ab = 0 ⇒ x = a or b
What method supports zero-product solutions?Solving Quadratics by Factoring
AB = 0 ⇒ A = 0 or B = 0
When should I use do not divide away a root?Solving Quadratics by Factoring
Preserve a possible zero solution during factoring.
When should I use factor before solving?Solving Quadratics by Factoring
Move all terms to one side and factor.
Complete the square to solveSquare Roots and Completing the Square
Create a square, solve it, and undo its shift.
When should I use square-root equations?Square Roots and Completing the Square
Solve an equation with a squared binomial.
What method supports complete the square to solve?Square Roots and Completing the Square
x² + 2hx = c ⇒ (x + h)² = c + h²
Complete a monic squareSquare Roots and Completing the Square
Halve the x-coefficient and square it.
Square-root equationsSquare Roots and Completing the Square
A positive square has two possible signed roots.
What must I check in square roots and completing the square?Square Roots and Completing the Square
Include both square-root signs when solving a square equal to a positive number; keep real-domain conditions
What method supports complete a monic square?Square Roots and Completing the Square
x² + bx + (b/2)² = (x + b/2)²
What method supports square-root equations?Square Roots and Completing the Square
(x − h)² = k ⇒ x = h ± √k for k ≥ 0
When should I use complete the square to solve?Square Roots and Completing the Square
Shift the constant and isolate a square in a nonfactored equation.
When should I use complete a monic square?Square Roots and Completing the Square
Choose the constant that creates a perfect square.
Parameter at the repeated-root boundaryQuadratic Formula and Discriminant
At the boundary between two roots and no roots, the discriminant is zero.
When should I use quadratic formula?Quadratic Formula and Discriminant
Use standard-form coefficients in the quadratic formula.
What method supports parameter at the repeated-root boundary?Quadratic Formula and Discriminant
b² − 4ac = 0 for a repeated real root
Discriminant classificationQuadratic Formula and Discriminant
The sign under the square root controls the real solutions.
Quadratic formulaQuadratic Formula and Discriminant
Keep the signs and the whole denominator.
What must I check in quadratic formula and discriminant?Quadratic Formula and Discriminant
Use a ≠ 0; the discriminant classifies real roots, and a repeated root counts once
What method supports discriminant classification?Quadratic Formula and Discriminant
D > 0: two; D = 0: one; D < 0: none
What method supports quadratic formula?Quadratic Formula and Discriminant
x = [−b ± √(b² − 4ac)]/(2a)
When should I use parameter at the repeated-root boundary?Quadratic Formula and Discriminant
Set the discriminant equal to zero to find a tangency condition.
When should I use discriminant classification?Quadratic Formula and Discriminant
Use the discriminant to count real roots.
Convert standard to vertex formStandard, Factored, and Vertex Forms
Make a square without changing the function value.
When should I use read vertex form?Standard, Factored, and Vertex Forms
Identify vertex coordinates and evaluate a vertex-form function.
What method supports convert standard to vertex form?Standard, Factored, and Vertex Forms
x² − 2hx + c = (x − h)² + c − h²
Convert factored formStandard, Factored, and Vertex Forms
Zeros are visible in factors; distribute to recover coefficients.
Read vertex formStandard, Factored, and Vertex Forms
Inside locates left-right; outside locates up-down.
What must I check in standard, factored, and vertex forms?Standard, Factored, and Vertex Forms
Equivalent forms describe the same function and preserve all coefficients
What method supports convert factored form?Standard, Factored, and Vertex Forms
a(x − r)(x − s) = ax² − a(r+s)x + ars
What method supports read vertex form?Standard, Factored, and Vertex Forms
f(x) = a(x − h)² + k has vertex (h,k)
When should I use convert standard to vertex form?Standard, Factored, and Vertex Forms
Complete a square to determine a vertex value.
When should I use convert factored form?Standard, Factored, and Vertex Forms
Expand factored form to read a standard-form coefficient.
Recover a graph parameterRoots, Intercepts, Symmetry, and Graphs
The roots locate the crossings; another point sets the vertical scale.
When should I use roots and intercepts?Roots, Intercepts, Symmetry, and Graphs
Read zeros from a factored quadratic.
What method supports recover a graph parameter?Roots, Intercepts, Symmetry, and Graphs
y₀ = a(x₀ − r)(x₀ − s)
Axis of symmetryRoots, Intercepts, Symmetry, and Graphs
The symmetry line is halfway between the roots.
Roots and interceptsRoots, Intercepts, Symmetry, and Graphs
Set y to zero for the horizontal-axis crossings.
What must I check in roots, intercepts, symmetry, and graphs?Roots, Intercepts, Symmetry, and Graphs
Real roots correspond to x-intercepts; the axis of symmetry is vertical
What method supports axis of symmetry?Roots, Intercepts, Symmetry, and Graphs
h = (r + s)/2 = −b/(2a)
What method supports roots and intercepts?Roots, Intercepts, Symmetry, and Graphs
a(x − r)(x − s) = 0 ⇒ x = r or s
When should I use recover a graph parameter?Roots, Intercepts, Symmetry, and Graphs
Use one point to determine a quadratic multiplier.
When should I use axis of symmetry?Roots, Intercepts, Symmetry, and Graphs
Average the roots to find the axis of a parabola.
Optimization from standard formMaximum and Minimum Values
Find the vertex input, then calculate the output there.
When should I use minimum in vertex form?Maximum and Minimum Values
Find the least value of an upward-opening quadratic.
What method supports optimization from standard form?Maximum and Minimum Values
h = −b/(2a), extreme output = f(h)
Maximum in vertex formMaximum and Minimum Values
A negative square term can only subtract from the top value.
Minimum in vertex formMaximum and Minimum Values
The squared part cannot go below zero.
What must I check in maximum and minimum values?Maximum and Minimum Values
A vertex minimum requires a > 0; a maximum requires a < 0; restrict a contextual domain when stated
What method supports maximum in vertex form?Maximum and Minimum Values
a < 0 ⇒ maximum of a(x − h)² + k is k
What method supports minimum in vertex form?Maximum and Minimum Values
a > 0 ⇒ minimum of a(x − h)² + k is k
When should I use optimization from standard form?Maximum and Minimum Values
Complete a square or use the vertex formula to optimize.
When should I use maximum in vertex form?Maximum and Minimum Values
Find the greatest value of a downward-opening quadratic.
Revenue modelingQuadratic Modeling and Word Problems
Multiply price by sales, then optimize the product.
When should I use area models?Quadratic Modeling and Word Problems
Build a quadratic from two related dimensions.
What method supports revenue modeling?Quadratic Modeling and Word Problems
R(p) = p(A − Bp)
Height over timeQuadratic Modeling and Word Problems
The top of the parabola gives the peak height.
Area modelsQuadratic Modeling and Word Problems
Multiply the two side expressions, then use the area.
What must I check in quadratic modeling and word problems?Quadratic Modeling and Word Problems
Reject roots outside the physical domain; state units for lengths, times, areas, and output values
What method supports height over time?Quadratic Modeling and Word Problems
H(t) = −at² + bt + c ⇒ t_peak = b/(2a), a > 0
What method supports area models?Quadratic Modeling and Word Problems
A = width × length
When should I use revenue modeling?Quadratic Modeling and Word Problems
Optimize a product of price and demand.
When should I use height over time?Quadratic Modeling and Word Problems
Interpret a quadratic vertex in a motion model.
Parameter interval for real rootsUnknown Coefficients and Conditions on Solutions
Translate the root-count condition into a condition on the discriminant.
When should I use specified root constraint?Unknown Coefficients and Conditions on Solutions
Find a coefficient from a stated root.
What method supports parameter interval for real roots?Unknown Coefficients and Conditions on Solutions
b² − 4ac ≥ 0 for real roots
Root sums and productsUnknown Coefficients and Conditions on Solutions
Roots encode the middle and constant coefficients.
Specified root constraintUnknown Coefficients and Conditions on Solutions
Put the known root into the equation and make the result zero.
What must I check in unknown coefficients and conditions on solutions?Unknown Coefficients and Conditions on Solutions
Check a ≠ 0 before applying quadratic conditions; distinguish a specified root from a repeated root
What method supports root sums and products?Unknown Coefficients and Conditions on Solutions
r + s = −b/a; rs = c/a
What method supports specified root constraint?Unknown Coefficients and Conditions on Solutions
r root of ax² + bx + c ⇒ ar² + br + c = 0
When should I use parameter interval for real roots?Unknown Coefficients and Conditions on Solutions
Solve a discriminant inequality for a parameter.
When should I use root sums and products?Unknown Coefficients and Conditions on Solutions
Relate unknown coefficients to the roots.