SAT Math

Other Nonlinear Equations and Functions flashcards

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Nested linear absolute equationsAbsolute-Value Equations and Graphs
Unwrap the outside operations before creating the two cases.
When should I use distance equations?Absolute-Value Equations and Graphs
Solve an absolute-value equation as two signed cases.
What method supports nested linear absolute equations?Absolute-Value Equations and Graphs
a|bx + c| + d = e ⇒ |bx+c| = (e−d)/a, a ≠ 0
Absolute-value graph vertexAbsolute-Value Equations and Graphs
The corner occurs where the inside of the absolute value is zero.
Distance equationsAbsolute-Value Equations and Graphs
Distance can come from either side of zero.
What must I check in absolute-value equations and graphs?Absolute-Value Equations and Graphs
Absolute value is nonnegative; a positive right side usually gives two branches, zero one, and a negative none
What method supports absolute-value graph vertex?Absolute-Value Equations and Graphs
y = a|x − h| + k has vertex (h,k)
What method supports distance equations?Absolute-Value Equations and Graphs
|x − h| = k ⇒ x = h ± k, k ≥ 0
When should I use nested linear absolute equations?Absolute-Value Equations and Graphs
Isolate absolute value before splitting into cases.
When should I use absolute-value graph vertex?Absolute-Value Equations and Graphs
Read the vertex of a shifted absolute-value graph.
Radical in a shifted expressionRadical Equations and Extraneous Solutions
Call the root t, but remember t cannot be negative.
When should I use isolated radical?Radical Equations and Extraneous Solutions
Square a nonnegative radical equation and verify.
What method supports radical in a shifted expression?Radical Equations and Extraneous Solutions
t = √x ⇒ t ≥ 0 and x = t²
Extraneous root testRadical Equations and Extraneous Solutions
A squared equation can accept a value the original rejects.
Isolated radicalRadical Equations and Extraneous Solutions
Check the signs, square, solve, and check again.
What must I check in radical equations and extraneous solutions?Radical Equations and Extraneous Solutions
Squaring can create extraneous candidates; all answers must satisfy the original root equation
What method supports extraneous root test?Radical Equations and Extraneous Solutions
√u = v requires u ≥ 0 and v ≥ 0
What method supports isolated radical?Radical Equations and Extraneous Solutions
√(x+a)=b ⇒ x=b²−a when b≥0
When should I use radical in a shifted expression?Radical Equations and Extraneous Solutions
Use a substitution to preserve the square-root sign.
When should I use extraneous root test?Radical Equations and Extraneous Solutions
Discard a squared-equation candidate that fails the original.
Canceled expressions still have restrictionsRational Equations and Excluded Values
A hole stays forbidden after cancellation.
When should I use single rational equation?Rational Equations and Excluded Values
Clear a denominator and check its excluded value.
What method supports canceled expressions still have restrictions?Rational Equations and Excluded Values
(x²−a²)/(x−a)=x+a only for x≠a
Equations with common denominatorsRational Equations and Excluded Values
Clear every fraction at once, then check the original domain.
Single rational equationRational Equations and Excluded Values
Write the forbidden value before clearing the fraction.
What must I check in rational equations and excluded values?Rational Equations and Excluded Values
Every original denominator must be nonzero before or after clearing fractions
What method supports equations with common denominators?Rational Equations and Excluded Values
a/x + b/x = c ⇒ x=(a+b)/c, x≠0, c≠0
What method supports single rational equation?Rational Equations and Excluded Values
a/(x−h)=b ⇒ x=h+a/b for b≠0 and x≠h
When should I use canceled expressions still have restrictions?Rational Equations and Excluded Values
Identify a rational equation with an excluded algebraic candidate.
When should I use equations with common denominators?Rational Equations and Excluded Values
Use a common multiplier without losing restrictions.
Remainder and evaluationPolynomial Equations, Zeros, and Graphs
A factor condition is an evaluation equal to zero.
When should I use polynomial zeros?Polynomial Equations, Zeros, and Graphs
Read zeros from multiple factors.
What method supports remainder and evaluation?Polynomial Equations, Zeros, and Graphs
x−r divides P(x) ⇔ P(r)=0
Multiplicity and crossingPolynomial Equations, Zeros, and Graphs
Odd multiplicity crosses; even multiplicity touches.
Polynomial zerosPolynomial Equations, Zeros, and Graphs
Each factor supplies its own zero.
What must I check in polynomial equations, zeros, and graphs?Polynomial Equations, Zeros, and Graphs
Count distinct roots separately from multiplicities; zeros of denominators are not polynomial roots
What method supports multiplicity and crossing?Polynomial Equations, Zeros, and Graphs
even multiplicity: no sign change; odd multiplicity: sign change
What method supports polynomial zeros?Polynomial Equations, Zeros, and Graphs
a∏(x−rᵢ)=0 ⇒ at least one x=rᵢ
When should I use remainder and evaluation?Polynomial Equations, Zeros, and Graphs
Use a polynomial value to constrain an unknown constant.
When should I use multiplicity and crossing?Polynomial Equations, Zeros, and Graphs
Determine whether a graph crosses or touches at a root.
Combined domain restrictionsFunction Notation, Evaluation, and Domain
Every part of the formula must be defined at the same input.
When should I use function inputs?Function Notation, Evaluation, and Domain
Evaluate a function at a number or expression.
What method supports combined domain restrictions?Function Notation, Evaluation, and Domain
√(x−a)/(x−b): x≥a and x≠b
Domain of a radicalFunction Notation, Evaluation, and Domain
Keep the inside of a square root at least zero.
Function inputsFunction Notation, Evaluation, and Domain
Substitute the input into every occurrence of the variable.
What must I check in function notation, evaluation, and domain?Function Notation, Evaluation, and Domain
Inputs must satisfy every original denominator and even-root restriction
What method supports domain of a radical?Function Notation, Evaluation, and Domain
√(ax+b) real ⇒ ax+b ≥ 0
What method supports function inputs?Function Notation, Evaluation, and Domain
If f(x)=x²+c, then f(a)=a²+c
When should I use combined domain restrictions?Function Notation, Evaluation, and Domain
Intersect radical and denominator conditions.
When should I use domain of a radical?Function Notation, Evaluation, and Domain
Determine the allowed inputs for an even-root function.
Equivalent nonlinear representationsFunction Transformations and Equivalent Representations
Expand or complete the square to show the formulas match.
When should I use vertical transformations?Function Transformations and Equivalent Representations
Evaluate a vertically stretched and shifted function.
What method supports equivalent nonlinear representations?Function Transformations and Equivalent Representations
a(x−h)²+k = ax²−2ahx+ah²+k
Horizontal shifts and scalingFunction Transformations and Equivalent Representations
Solve for the new input that reproduces the old argument.
Vertical transformationsFunction Transformations and Equivalent Representations
Change the outputs after evaluating the original function.
What must I check in function transformations and equivalent representations?Function Transformations and Equivalent Representations
Horizontal changes act inside the input; vertical changes act on the output
What method supports horizontal shifts and scaling?Function Transformations and Equivalent Representations
If (u,v) is on f, then (u+h,v) is on f(x−h) and (u/c,v) is on f(cx), c≠0
What method supports vertical transformations?Function Transformations and Equivalent Representations
g(x)=af(x)+k
When should I use equivalent nonlinear representations?Function Transformations and Equivalent Representations
Compare expanded and transformed expressions.
When should I use horizontal shifts and scaling?Function Transformations and Equivalent Representations
Track a known point through an input shift or scale.
Systems with a squared relationSystems Involving Linear and Nonlinear Equations
Solve one variable, then rebuild each complete pair.
When should I use line and parabola intersections?Systems Involving Linear and Nonlinear Equations
Substitute a line into a quadratic relation.
What method supports systems with a squared relation?Systems Involving Linear and Nonlinear Equations
x=y+c and x=y² ⇒ y²−y−c=0
A line through a shifted parabolaSystems Involving Linear and Nonlinear Equations
A horizontal line fixes the output and leaves you to solve for inputs.
Line and parabola intersectionsSystems Involving Linear and Nonlinear Equations
Set the two outputs equal to locate their shared points.
What must I check in systems involving linear and nonlinear equations?Systems Involving Linear and Nonlinear Equations
Check ordered pairs in both originals; a two-root equation can give two intersection points
What method supports a line through a shifted parabola?Systems Involving Linear and Nonlinear Equations
(x−h)² = r² ⇒ x=h±r
What method supports line and parabola intersections?Systems Involving Linear and Nonlinear Equations
y=f(x), y=g(x) ⇒ f(x)=g(x)
When should I use systems with a squared relation?Systems Involving Linear and Nonlinear Equations
Use substitution while preserving multiple sign possibilities.
When should I use a line through a shifted parabola?Systems Involving Linear and Nonlinear Equations
Solve a nonlinear system after substitution.
Feasible nonlinear branchesNonlinear Parameters and Number of Intersections
Find all candidates and then filter by the permitted inputs.
When should I use horizontal level intersections?Nonlinear Parameters and Number of Intersections
Compare a horizontal level with a parabola extremum.
What method supports feasible nonlinear branches?Nonlinear Parameters and Number of Intersections
feasible solutions = algebraic solutions ∩ allowed domain
Tangency parameterNonlinear Parameters and Number of Intersections
One distinct crossing location occurs when the quadratic discriminant is zero.
Horizontal level intersectionsNonlinear Parameters and Number of Intersections
Above the bottom gives two crossings; at the bottom gives one.
What must I check in nonlinear parameters and number of intersections?Nonlinear Parameters and Number of Intersections
Intersection counts must respect domains; tangency corresponds to one distinct solution rather than two repeated labels
What method supports tangency parameter?Nonlinear Parameters and Number of Intersections
D=0 for one real quadratic intersection
What method supports horizontal level intersections?Nonlinear Parameters and Number of Intersections
(x−h)²=c−k
When should I use feasible nonlinear branches?Nonlinear Parameters and Number of Intersections
Count only intersections on an allowed interval.
When should I use tangency parameter?Nonlinear Parameters and Number of Intersections
Use a discriminant to identify a line touching a parabola.