Psychology as a Science flashcards

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What is meant by “Psychology” in this lesson?Research questions: Psychology scientifically studies behavior and mental processes.
What is meant by “Research question” in this lesson?Research questions: A research question identifies a relationship or phenomenon to investigate.
What is meant by “Hypothesis” in this lesson?Research questions: A hypothesis is a testable proposed explanation or prediction.
What is meant by “Operational definition” in this lesson?Research questions: An operational definition specifies how a variable is measured or manipulated.
What is meant by “Theory” in this lesson?Research questions: A theory organizes evidence and mechanisms into an explanatory framework.
What is meant by “Falsifiability” in this lesson?Research questions: Falsifiability means evidence could count against a claim under specified tests.
What is meant by “Independent variable” in this lesson?Experiments and observation: An independent variable is the factor manipulated in an experiment.
What is meant by “Dependent variable” in this lesson?Experiments and observation: A dependent variable is the measured outcome.
What is meant by “Random assignment” in this lesson?Experiments and observation: Random assignment allocates participants to conditions by chance.
What is meant by “Random sampling” in this lesson?Experiments and observation: Random sampling selects participants from a population by a chance method.
What is meant by “Confound” in this lesson?Experiments and observation: A confound provides an alternative explanation by varying with the factor being studied.
What is meant by “Observational study” in this lesson?Experiments and observation: An observational study measures conditions without assigning the relevant exposure.
What is meant by “Informed consent” in this lesson?Ethics and evaluating evidence: Consent requires relevant information and voluntary agreement under appropriate research procedures.
What is meant by “Right to withdraw” in this lesson?Ethics and evaluating evidence: Participants can stop participation under the study's ethical protections.
What is meant by “Confidentiality” in this lesson?Ethics and evaluating evidence: Confidentiality protects identifiable participant information under stated procedures.
What is meant by “Debriefing” in this lesson?Ethics and evaluating evidence: Debriefing explains relevant study purposes and procedures afterward, especially when authorized deception occurred.
What is meant by “Replication” in this lesson?Ethics and evaluating evidence: Replication tests whether findings recur under appropriately described methods.
What is meant by “Publication bias” in this lesson?Ethics and evaluating evidence: Publication bias favors reporting some results over others, distorting the visible evidence.