Matter, Atoms, and the Periodic Table flashcards

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What is matter?Classifying Matter: Material with mass and volume.
What is a physical property?Classifying Matter: A measurable feature without changing chemical identity.
What is an intensive property?Classifying Matter: A property not set by sample amount under comparable conditions.
What is density?Classifying Matter: Mass divided by volume.
What is an element?Classifying Matter: A substance whose atoms share one proton number.
What is a compound?Classifying Matter: A substance of different elements chemically combined.
What is a mixture?Classifying Matter: A combination of substances without one fixed chemical formula.
Is every compound a discrete molecule?Classifying Matter: No; ionic solids can form extended lattices.
What does filtration separate?Classifying Matter: An insoluble solid from a fluid under suitable conditions.
What does distillation use?Classifying Matter: Differences in vaporization and condensation behavior.
What does chromatography use?Classifying Matter: Different interactions with moving and stationary phases.
What is chemical change?Classifying Matter: Formation of different substances through reaction.
What is a solid?States of Matter and Particle Models: A state with shape and volume relatively fixed under common conditions.
What is a liquid?States of Matter and Particle Models: A flowing state with relatively fixed volume.
What is a gas?States of Matter and Particle Models: A state that expands to fill available volume.
What is plasma?States of Matter and Particle Models: A gas-like state with substantial ionization.
What is melting?States of Matter and Particle Models: Solid becoming liquid.
What is condensation?States of Matter and Particle Models: Gas becoming liquid.
What is sublimation?States of Matter and Particle Models: Solid becoming gas directly.
Does ordinary melting change element identity?States of Matter and Particle Models: No.
What causes gas pressure in the particle model?States of Matter and Particle Models: Particle collisions with container walls.
What is one pascal?States of Matter and Particle Models: One newton per square meter.
At fixed T, how does P depend on V?States of Matter and Particle Models: Inversely for a fixed ideal-gas amount.
What temperature scale belongs in gas proportionality?States of Matter and Particle Models: Kelvin.
What is atomic number?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: Number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
What charge does a proton have?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: Positive.
What charge does a neutron have?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: Zero.
What makes a neutral atom?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: Equal numbers of protons and electrons.
What is mass number A?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: Proton count plus neutron count.
How are isotopes related?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: Same element proton number, different neutron number.
How is an ion different?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: Its electron count differs from the neutral atom.
Why is periodic-table atomic mass often noninteger?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: It reflects isotope abundances and masses.
What did scattering evidence support?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: A compact, positively charged atomic nucleus.
What is a line spectrum?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: Discrete wavelengths emitted or absorbed by atoms.
What is an energy level?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: An allowed atomic energy state in a model.
Are electron tracks literal circles?Atomic Structure and Isotopes: No.
What orders the periodic table?Periodic Table Patterns: Increasing atomic number.
What is a period?Periodic Table Patterns: A horizontal row.
What is a group?Periodic Table Patterns: A vertical column of elements.
What is atomic number Z?Periodic Table Patterns: Proton count.
What are valence electrons?Periodic Table Patterns: Outer electrons most involved in bonding in an introductory model.
What common ion charge do group 1 metals form?Periodic Table Patterns: +1 in many simple compounds.
What common ion charge do halogens form?Periodic Table Patterns: −1 in many simple ionic compounds.
Are noble gases absolutely inert?Periodic Table Patterns: No; some compounds can form under suitable conditions.
What is atomic radius?Periodic Table Patterns: A measure of an atom’s size under a specified definition.
What is first ionization energy?Periodic Table Patterns: Energy to remove one electron from a gaseous neutral atom.
What is electronegativity?Periodic Table Patterns: Tendency to attract shared electrons in a bond.
Are periodic trends exception-free?Periodic Table Patterns: No.
What is malleability?Element Families and Properties: Ability to be shaped into sheets without breaking under suitable conditions.
What is ductility?Element Families and Properties: Ability to be drawn into wires.
What is an alloy?Element Families and Properties: A material combining elements, often to tune metal properties.
Are all metals magnetic?Element Families and Properties: No.
What is a nonmetal?Element Families and Properties: An element in a broad category with properties differing from typical metals.
What is a metalloid?Element Families and Properties: An element with intermediate or context-dependent properties in common classifications.
What is a semiconductor?Element Families and Properties: A material whose electrical conductivity can be controlled.
What are allotropes?Element Families and Properties: Different structural forms of one element.
What are alkali metals?Element Families and Properties: Group 1 metals excluding hydrogen.
What are halogens?Element Families and Properties: Group 17 elements.
What are noble gases?Element Families and Properties: Group 18 elements.
Is hydrogen an alkali metal?Element Families and Properties: No, despite its table placement above group 1.