Physical Science
Matter, Atoms, and the Periodic Table flashcards
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- What is matter?Classifying Matter
- Material with mass and volume.
- What is a physical property?Classifying Matter
- A measurable feature without changing chemical identity.
- What is an intensive property?Classifying Matter
- A property not set by sample amount under comparable conditions.
- What is density?Classifying Matter
- Mass divided by volume.
- What is an element?Classifying Matter
- A substance whose atoms share one proton number.
- What is a compound?Classifying Matter
- A substance of different elements chemically combined.
- What is a mixture?Classifying Matter
- A combination of substances without one fixed chemical formula.
- Is every compound a discrete molecule?Classifying Matter
- No; ionic solids can form extended lattices.
- What does filtration separate?Classifying Matter
- An insoluble solid from a fluid under suitable conditions.
- What does distillation use?Classifying Matter
- Differences in vaporization and condensation behavior.
- What does chromatography use?Classifying Matter
- Different interactions with moving and stationary phases.
- What is chemical change?Classifying Matter
- Formation of different substances through reaction.
- What is a solid?States of Matter and Particle Models
- A state with shape and volume relatively fixed under common conditions.
- What is a liquid?States of Matter and Particle Models
- A flowing state with relatively fixed volume.
- What is a gas?States of Matter and Particle Models
- A state that expands to fill available volume.
- What is plasma?States of Matter and Particle Models
- A gas-like state with substantial ionization.
- What is melting?States of Matter and Particle Models
- Solid becoming liquid.
- What is condensation?States of Matter and Particle Models
- Gas becoming liquid.
- What is sublimation?States of Matter and Particle Models
- Solid becoming gas directly.
- Does ordinary melting change element identity?States of Matter and Particle Models
- No.
- What causes gas pressure in the particle model?States of Matter and Particle Models
- Particle collisions with container walls.
- What is one pascal?States of Matter and Particle Models
- One newton per square meter.
- At fixed T, how does P depend on V?States of Matter and Particle Models
- Inversely for a fixed ideal-gas amount.
- What temperature scale belongs in gas proportionality?States of Matter and Particle Models
- Kelvin.
- What is atomic number?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- Number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
- What charge does a proton have?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- Positive.
- What charge does a neutron have?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- Zero.
- What makes a neutral atom?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- Equal numbers of protons and electrons.
- What is mass number A?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- Proton count plus neutron count.
- How are isotopes related?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- Same element proton number, different neutron number.
- How is an ion different?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- Its electron count differs from the neutral atom.
- Why is periodic-table atomic mass often noninteger?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- It reflects isotope abundances and masses.
- What did scattering evidence support?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- A compact, positively charged atomic nucleus.
- What is a line spectrum?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- Discrete wavelengths emitted or absorbed by atoms.
- What is an energy level?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- An allowed atomic energy state in a model.
- Are electron tracks literal circles?Atomic Structure and Isotopes
- No.
- What orders the periodic table?Periodic Table Patterns
- Increasing atomic number.
- What is a period?Periodic Table Patterns
- A horizontal row.
- What is a group?Periodic Table Patterns
- A vertical column of elements.
- What is atomic number Z?Periodic Table Patterns
- Proton count.
- What are valence electrons?Periodic Table Patterns
- Outer electrons most involved in bonding in an introductory model.
- What common ion charge do group 1 metals form?Periodic Table Patterns
- +1 in many simple compounds.
- What common ion charge do halogens form?Periodic Table Patterns
- −1 in many simple ionic compounds.
- Are noble gases absolutely inert?Periodic Table Patterns
- No; some compounds can form under suitable conditions.
- What is atomic radius?Periodic Table Patterns
- A measure of an atom’s size under a specified definition.
- What is first ionization energy?Periodic Table Patterns
- Energy to remove one electron from a gaseous neutral atom.
- What is electronegativity?Periodic Table Patterns
- Tendency to attract shared electrons in a bond.
- Are periodic trends exception-free?Periodic Table Patterns
- No.
- What is malleability?Element Families and Properties
- Ability to be shaped into sheets without breaking under suitable conditions.
- What is ductility?Element Families and Properties
- Ability to be drawn into wires.
- What is an alloy?Element Families and Properties
- A material combining elements, often to tune metal properties.
- Are all metals magnetic?Element Families and Properties
- No.
- What is a nonmetal?Element Families and Properties
- An element in a broad category with properties differing from typical metals.
- What is a metalloid?Element Families and Properties
- An element with intermediate or context-dependent properties in common classifications.
- What is a semiconductor?Element Families and Properties
- A material whose electrical conductivity can be controlled.
- What are allotropes?Element Families and Properties
- Different structural forms of one element.
- What are alkali metals?Element Families and Properties
- Group 1 metals excluding hydrogen.
- What are halogens?Element Families and Properties
- Group 17 elements.
- What are noble gases?Element Families and Properties
- Group 18 elements.
- Is hydrogen an alkali metal?Element Families and Properties
- No, despite its table placement above group 1.