Renaissance, Reformation, and State Power flashcards

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What is meant by “Renaissance” in this lesson?Renaissance cultures: The Renaissance describes varied cultural and intellectual developments drawing partly on classical learning.
What is meant by “Humanism” in this lesson?Renaissance cultures: Renaissance humanism emphasized classical texts and studies of language, history, and moral questions.
What is meant by “Patronage” in this lesson?Renaissance cultures: Patronage financed or supported work while influencing its production and audience.
What is meant by “Print expansion” in this lesson?Renaissance cultures: Printing expanded reproduction and circulation of texts without making literacy universal.
What is meant by “Civic culture” in this lesson?Renaissance cultures: Civic culture connected urban identity, institutions, and public expression.
What is meant by “Renaissance variation” in this lesson?Renaissance cultures: Changes differed by location, social position, and period.
What is meant by “Martin Luther” in this lesson?Religious reform and conflict: Luther challenged church practices and authority in the sixteenth century and became central to Protestant reform.
What is meant by “Indulgence controversy” in this lesson?Religious reform and conflict: Controversies concerned practices associated with remission of temporal punishment and their promotion.
What is meant by “Protestant reform” in this lesson?Religious reform and conflict: Protestant movements developed diverse doctrines and institutions rather than one identical church.
What is meant by “Catholic reform” in this lesson?Religious reform and conflict: Catholic reform renewed and clarified institutions and teachings, including through the Council of Trent.
What is meant by “State and religion” in this lesson?Religious reform and conflict: Rulers' decisions shaped religious institutions, while religious movements also challenged political arrangements.
What is meant by “Confessional conflict” in this lesson?Religious reform and conflict: Confessional conflict involved religious divisions interacting with political and social interests.
What is meant by “Absolutism” in this lesson?Early modern states and empire: Absolutism claimed concentrated monarchical authority but operated within practical constraints.
What is meant by “Constitutional limitation” in this lesson?Early modern states and empire: Constitutional arrangements constrain authority through institutions, law, and political settlement.
What is meant by “Fiscal-military state” in this lesson?Early modern states and empire: Fiscal-military organization links revenue systems with sustained military capacity.
What is meant by “English political conflicts” in this lesson?Early modern states and empire: Seventeenth-century English conflicts contested monarchy, Parliament, religion, and authority.
What is meant by “Glorious Revolution” in this lesson?Early modern states and empire: The 1688–1689 settlement changed English rulership and strengthened specified parliamentary constraints.
What is meant by “Overseas empire” in this lesson?Early modern states and empire: European overseas empires developed through violence, commerce, settlement, and contested rule.