Earth’s Surface flashcards

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What is meant by “Mechanical weathering” in this lesson?Weathering: Mechanical weathering breaks material physically without requiring a change in mineral composition.
What is meant by “Chemical weathering” in this lesson?Weathering: Chemical weathering changes minerals through reactions with water, gases, or dissolved substances.
What is meant by “Freeze-thaw action” in this lesson?Weathering: Freezing water can widen suitable water-filled fractures during repeated temperature changes.
What is meant by “Oxidation” in this lesson?Weathering: Oxidation reactions can alter iron-bearing minerals and produce rust-colored products.
What is meant by “Surface area” in this lesson?Weathering: Smaller particles expose more surface area per amount of material, often increasing reaction opportunities.
What is meant by “Weathering controls” in this lesson?Weathering: Climate, mineral composition, exposure, and time influence weathering rates.
What is meant by “Erosion” in this lesson?Erosion and deposition: Erosion removes and transports Earth material by water, wind, ice, or gravity.
What is meant by “Deposition” in this lesson?Erosion and deposition: Deposition occurs when transported material settles or accumulates.
What is meant by “Sediment sorting” in this lesson?Erosion and deposition: Sorting describes the range of particle sizes in a deposit.
What is meant by “Stream competence” in this lesson?Erosion and deposition: Competence describes the largest particles a stream can transport under given flow conditions.
What is meant by “Mass movement” in this lesson?Erosion and deposition: Mass movement transfers slope material downhill primarily under gravity.
What is meant by “Glacial transport” in this lesson?Erosion and deposition: Glaciers move and deposit material ranging from fine particles to large boulders.
What is meant by “Drainage basin” in this lesson?Landscapes over time: A drainage basin is the land area whose surface runoff drains toward a common outlet.
What is meant by “Meander” in this lesson?Landscapes over time: A meander is a river bend influenced by erosion and deposition along the channel.
What is meant by “Delta” in this lesson?Landscapes over time: A delta forms where sediment accumulation near a river mouth outpaces its removal.
What is meant by “Coastal balance” in this lesson?Landscapes over time: Coastal landforms reflect waves, currents, sediment supply, and changes in relative sea level.
What is meant by “Landscape timescale” in this lesson?Landscapes over time: Different landform processes act over times ranging from sudden events to millions of years.
What is meant by “Human landscape change” in this lesson?Landscapes over time: Land use and engineering can alter runoff, sediment movement, and slope stability.