States of Matter and Gases flashcards

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What is a solid?Particle Behavior: A state with shape and volume relatively fixed under common conditions.
What is a liquid?Particle Behavior: A flowing state with relatively fixed volume.
What is a gas?Particle Behavior: A state that expands to fill available volume.
What is plasma?Particle Behavior: A gas-like state with substantial ionization.
Why are gases relatively compressible?Particle Behavior: They have large average spacing between particles.
Do solid particles stop moving?Particle Behavior: No; they have microscopic motion.
What does a liquid usually retain?Particle Behavior: Volume, while taking its container’s shape.
What is latent energy L?Phase Changes: Energy per mass for a specified phase change.
What is the phase-change equation?Phase Changes: Q = mL under stated conditions.
What is evaporation?Phase Changes: Escape of molecules from a liquid surface.
What is boiling?Phase Changes: Vapor formation throughout a liquid at a pressure-dependent boiling point.
What is latent heat per unit mass?Phase Changes: Energy required per mass for a stated phase transition.
Why can temperature remain steady during melting?Phase Changes: Energy changes particle interactions rather than raising average kinetic energy.
When is q=mcΔT used?Phase Changes: For temperature change within a phase under the stated approximation.
How is a multistage heating process handled?Phase Changes: Calculate and add energy for each stage.
What causes gas pressure in the particle model?Gas Relationships: Particle collisions with container walls.
What is one pascal?Gas Relationships: One newton per square meter.
At fixed T, how does P depend on V?Gas Relationships: Inversely for a fixed ideal-gas amount.
What temperature scale belongs in gas proportionality?Gas Relationships: Kelvin.
What does Boyle’s model hold fixed?Gas Relationships: Amount and temperature.
What does Charles’s model hold fixed?Gas Relationships: Amount and pressure.
When can the ideal-gas model fail noticeably?Gas Relationships: At sufficiently high pressure or low temperature.