Biology
Membranes and Homeostasis flashcards
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- What does “Phospholipid” mean?Membrane Structure
- A lipid with a water-attracting head and water-avoiding tails.
- What does “Bilayer” mean?Membrane Structure
- Two layers of phospholipids with tails facing inward.
- What does “Hydrophilic” mean?Membrane Structure
- Attracted to or interacting readily with water.
- What does “Hydrophobic” mean?Membrane Structure
- Avoiding contact with water.
- What does “Channel protein” mean?Membrane Structure
- A protein forming a selective passage through a membrane.
- What does “Carrier protein” mean?Membrane Structure
- A protein that binds a substance and changes shape to move it.
- What does “Receptor” mean?Membrane Structure
- A protein that detects a signal and begins a response.
- What does “Cell recognition” mean?Membrane Structure
- Identification through surface features and interactions.
- What does “Fluid mosaic model” mean?Membrane Structure
- A dynamic bilayer with varied associated components.
- What does “Selective permeability” mean?Membrane Structure
- Different substances cross at different rates.
- What does “Membrane fluidity” mean?Membrane Structure
- The capacity of membrane components to move and rearrange.
- What does “Transporter” mean?Membrane Structure
- A membrane protein that helps move a particular substance.
- What does “Diffusion” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- Net movement down a concentration gradient.
- What does “Concentration gradient” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- A difference in concentration across space.
- What does “Dynamic equilibrium” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- Ongoing motion with no net change in concentration.
- What does “Net movement” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- Overall direction after both-way movements are considered.
- What does “Osmosis” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- Net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
- What does “Hypotonic” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- Lower effective nonpenetrating solute outside, favoring water entry.
- What does “Hypertonic” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- Higher effective nonpenetrating solute outside, favoring water exit.
- What does “Isotonic” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- A condition with no net cell-volume change under stated conditions.
- What does “Facilitated diffusion” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- Protein-assisted movement down a gradient.
- What does “Channel” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- A selective passage formed by a protein.
- What does “Carrier” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- A protein that binds and moves a substance.
- What does “Passive transport” mean?Diffusion and Osmosis
- Movement down a relevant gradient without direct energy input.
- What does “Active transport” mean?Active Transport
- Movement against a relevant gradient using coupled energy.
- What does “Pump” mean?Active Transport
- A protein that moves selected substances through a membrane.
- What does “ATP hydrolysis” mean?Active Transport
- A reaction that can supply energy to coupled cellular work.
- What does “Electrochemical gradient” mean?Active Transport
- Combined concentration and electrical differences for an ion.
- What does “Primary active transport” mean?Active Transport
- Transport directly coupled to an energy source such as ATP.
- What does “Secondary active transport” mean?Active Transport
- Transport driven by an existing gradient of another solute.
- What does “Symporter” mean?Active Transport
- A coupled transporter moving solutes in the same direction.
- What does “Antiporter” mean?Active Transport
- A coupled transporter moving solutes in opposite directions.
- What does “Endocytosis” mean?Active Transport
- Taking material in by forming a membrane vesicle.
- What does “Exocytosis” mean?Active Transport
- Releasing material by vesicle fusion with the membrane.
- What does “Vesicle” mean?Active Transport
- A small membrane-enclosed carrier.
- What does “Membrane fusion” mean?Active Transport
- Two membranes joining so contents can be transferred.
- What does “Negative feedback” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- A response that tends to counter a disturbance.
- What does “Regulated variable” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- A condition monitored and adjusted by a system.
- What does “Sensor” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- A component detecting a change.
- What does “Effector” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- A component producing a response.
- What does “Positive feedback” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- A response that amplifies an initial change.
- What does “Amplification” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- Growth of a change through reinforcing steps.
- What does “Stopping condition” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- An event or limit ending a feedback process.
- What does “Causal loop” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- A chain of effects that feeds back to influence itself.
- What does “Cellular homeostasis” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- Regulation of cell conditions within workable ranges.
- What does “Membrane transporter” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- A protein helping a selected substance cross a membrane.
- What does “Receptor signaling” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- Detection of a cue followed by a cellular response.
- What does “System boundary” mean?Feedback and Homeostasis
- The edge of what is included in a model or investigation.